Specific identification of fibrin(ogen) degradation products in plasma and serum using blotting and peroxidase labeled antiserum

We describe a method for identifying fibrinogen and fibrin split products using electrophoresis on agarose gel with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) followed by blotting in nitrocellulose paper. Detection of these derivatives after blotting is accomplished with peroxidase-conjugated rather than by isotopically labeled antibodies. This technique can detect diverse fibrinogen derivatives produced in vivo or in vitro by the combined action of thrombin, plasmin, and factor XIII. This methodology is applicable to plasma, serum, and other body fluids including urine and ascitic fluid. This sensitive and specific assay, distinguishing the products of cross-linked fibrin from those of fibrinogen and detecting fibrin polymers in plasma, can be achieved without the use of radioactivity.     

介绍一种简便、快速的回收DNA片段的方法

我们采用国产 DF-17型电洗脱槽回收了限制性内切酶酶切的 DNA 片段,证明该方法是一种简便、快速、可靠的回收核酸片段的方法.回收的 DNA 片段可进一步用于 DNA 克隆、探针标记和 DNA 分析.     

胎儿鼻粘膜毛细血管的超微结构研究

本文在透射电镜下观察了五例足月胎儿下鼻甲粘膜毛细血管的超微结构。在上皮下和腺泡周围的固有膜中观察到有孔毛细血管。我们对 Kanan 所提出的有孔毛细血管是出生后冷空气激发所致的观点提出疑议。     

两个地理株周期型马来丝虫成虫蛋白和同工酶电泳比较分析

本文应用圆盘电泳对我国湖北谷城和浙江安吉两个地理株的周期型马来丝虫成虫的蛋白和七种酶进行了区带分析和比较,结果显示两个株的蛋白、GPI、PGM 和 PO 同工酶电泳型没有差异;而 MDH 的同工酶电泳型则不相同,出现了两种类型;G_6PD、EST 和 LDH 则没有区带出现。     

苯对人精子DNA损伤的影响

目的: 研究苯是否引起接触工人精子DNA损伤。　方法: 选择 2年以上苯系物作业工人 27例为暴露组,无苯系物接触史者 35例为对照组,采用高压液相色谱法测定空气苯系物浓度;研究对象尿中反式粘糠酸浓度。采用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE)检测部分工人 (暴露组 13例,对照组 16例 )精子DNA损伤。　结果: 作业点苯浓度为(86. 49±2. 83)mg/m3,高于国家标准(40mg/cm3 )1倍以上;暴露组尿中反式粘糠酸平均浓度为 (1. 40±0. 62)mg/L,对照组为(0. 82±0. 16 )mg/L,P<0. 01;以DNA头部百分比为检测参数,SCGE结果显示,暴露组为 ( 70. 18±7. 36)%,明显低于对照组(90. 62±2. 94)%,P<0. 001。　结论: 苯可以引起精子DNA断裂损伤。     

The comparison of venous plasma glucose and whole blood capillary glucose in diagnoses of Type 2 diabetes: a population-based screening study.

AIM: To evaluate the degree of concordance between venous plasma glucose (PG) and capillary whole blood glucose (BG) in diagnosing Type 2 diabetes and to compare the prevalence of confirmed and unconfirmed Type 2 diabetes. METHODS: All 40- to 69-year olds without known diabetes listed with five general practices were invited for screening (2051 persons). People identified by screening as being at high risk for having diabetes (random BG (rBG) > or = 4.5 mmol/l or HbA1c > or = 5.9%) were examined using BG and PG. The main outcome measures were confirmed diabetes cases (one diabetic glucose value plus symptoms or two diabetic glucose values on two different days) and unconfirmed diabetes (one diabetic glucose value on the first day of testing). RESULTS: One thousand and twenty-eight (50%) accepted screening. Diabetes was confirmed by BG or PG in 22 patients (1.8%), and in 14 of these by both BG and PG. Four patients in whom diabetes was confirmed only by BG had unconfirmed diabetes by PG. Three of four people in whom diabetes was confirmed only by PG had unconfirmed diabetes according to BG. The prevalence of unconfirmed diabetes was 3.3% and the prevalence of confirmed diabetes 2.1%. CONCLUSION: Confirmed diabetes can be diagnosed by either BG or PG. BG seems more convenient than PG for use in general practice. The prevalence of confirmed diabetes was lower than the prevalence of unconfirmed diabetes.     

雅致放射毛霉蛋白酶

借助超声波、电泳和高压液相色谱技术对雅致放射毛霉胞外和胞内蛋白酶进行了研究．结果表明：腐乳前期培菌时，雅致放射毛霉同时分泌胞外及胞内蛋白酶，两者酶活力变化趋势基本相同，在培菌45h时，达到最大酶活力；胞外和胞内蛋白酶均为蛋白酶系，相对分子质量组成相同；以大豆蛋白为底物时，主要水解产物相同．     

肝病患者血清蛋白质等电点聚焦电泳分析

本文首次运用敏感性较高的聚丙烯酰胺等电点聚焦（ｉｓｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｆｏｃｕｓｉｎｇ，ＩＥＦ）电泳技术对肝病患者的血清蛋白质谱进行分析。结果表明，正常人及各型肝病患者血清中含有等电点不同的蛋白质３８～４３种，以肝硬化患者为最少。蛋白质成分中以酸性蛋白（ＰＩ＜６．５）占优势（５５．００％～６１．９０％）。乙肝病毒携带者的血清蛋白质谱接近正常人，二者与各型肝病之间存在着较大差异；原发性肝癌患者与慢性活动性肝炎患者的血清蛋白质谱差异率（７．１４％），显著低于（Ｐ＜０．０５）其与肝硬化患者之间的差异率（１２．５０％），亦显著低于（Ｐ＜０．０１）其与慢性迁延性肝炎患者的差异率（１７．０７％），此结果提示慢性活动性肝炎与原发性肝癌的蛋白质谱比肝硬化与原发性肝癌的蛋白质谱更为接近。在慢性活动性肝炎患者血清中发现了等电点（ｉｓｏｅｌｅｃｔｒｉｃｐｏｉｎｔ，ＰＩ）７．３０的特征性蛋白质，这一蛋白质的确切成分及其在慢性活动性肝炎诊断上的价值有待进一步探讨。     

Induction of DNA strand breaks by ethylene oxide in human diploid fibroblasts

In vitro exposure of normal human diploid fibro-blasts (strain VH-10) to ethylene oxide (EtO) induced DNA strand breaks in the dose range of 2.5–30 mMh of EtO. Alkaline DNA unwinding (ADU), neutral filter elution (NFE), pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and the comet assay were used to measure DNA single (SSBs) and double strand breaks (DSBs). Different induction rates of SSBs and DSBs, depending on applied method and also on treatment conditions (cells in monolayer or in suspension were used), were found. A dose-dependent increase of DNA strand breaks was found by the ADU method in the dose range of 2.5–20 mMh of EtO when treatment was performed in monolayer and in suspension. DSBs were detected by NFE only when the cells were treated with EtO in suspension (doses 10–30 mMh). The highest induction rate of DSBs (about 4 DSBs per 100 Mbp per 1 mMh of EtO) was detected in suspension with PFGE applied. We have shown that heat-labile sites are formed by EtO. Presumably, the different DSB levels detected by PFGE and NFE result from the conversion of these sites to DSBs during cell lysis at elevated temperature in the PFGE method. The results of the comet assay confirmed that apoptotic processes are not involved in the formation of DSBs in our experimental conditions (less than 1% of apoptotic cells were observed at all doses studied). Possible mechanisms for the induction of DNA strand breaks by EtO-treatment are discussed. The capacity to repair DSBs in EtO-exposed (5–7.5 mMh) cells was studied, and it was found that a considerable part of the damage (about 50%) could be repaired during 18 hr of incubation. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.